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The
BRIC Summit
Seeking
Global Governance That Inspires and Unites
BY
ERNEST COREA (IDN)
Two
acronyms in the alphabet soup of world affairs received heightened
attention in mid-April when IBSA and BRIC met in Brasilia to review past
performance, assess present needs, and work out their plans for the
future.
Both meetings were scheduled to take place at the summit level. Although
nature intervened to some extent, when an earthquake in China compelled
President Hu Tinjao to cut short his BRIC engagement and rush back home,
both meetings provided yet another reminder to the established economic
and political order that new forms of cooperation and collaboration
among nations have emerged and are growing. Where that will eventually
take the peoples of the countries involved is yet to be seen.
IBSA and BRIC differ in membership, structure, and objectives. Both,
however, appear to be united in their commitment to core principles, and
in their optimism about the effectiveness and impact of their efforts.
ISSUES
The India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA) was formed in 2003,
“to contribute to the construction of a new international
architecture, to bring their voices together on global issues and to
deepen their ties in various areas. IBSA also opens itself to concrete
projects of cooperation and partnership with less developed
countries.”
IBSA sees itself as “an instrument for connecting India, Brazil and
South Africa at all levels, aiming not only to increase these countries
projection on the international scene but to strengthen the relations
among themselves.”
In addition to regular consultations among heads of state and
government, foreign ministers meet periodically, and working groups
involving a variety of players, including academics, businessmen,
journalists, and parliamentarians, seek opportunities for identifying
programs of common interest and working on practical forms of
collaboration.
As well, IBSA has established a fund for alleviating poverty and hunger
to which each member country contributes $1million a year.
BRIC, as the acronym suggests, brings together Brazil, Russia, India,
and China in a consultative group that focuses much of its attention on
economic issues. The current international affairs legend is that the
acronym was coined by the authors of a Goldman Sachs report.
The Goldman Sachs report raised the possibility that the economies of
these four countries would together outpace those of the existing “top
tier” rich countries by 2050. Given the current discomfiture of
Goldman Sachs, speculation about that parentage might not be
particularly popular in BRIC countries.
Whoever coined the term, the four-member group has grown increasingly
articulate on a range of economic, social, and trade issues.
STRUCTURE
Although IBSA has three members to BRIC’s four, the IBSA summit in
Brasilia had a longer final communiqué: 45 pages as compared with
BRIC’s six.
Broadly speaking, both communiqués attempted to break out of the
conventional wisdom, and to seek ways in which international
institutions and practices could be made to serve the need of the
world’s people and not only those seated atop the commanding heights
of global governance or economic power.
There were several common features in the final documents, including
support for sustainable development, a plea for reform of the UN to make
it more effective and representative, and a plea as well for timely
re-casting of the structure of Bretton Woods institutions to eliminate
their “legitimacy deficits” and increase their effectiveness.
IBSA was particularly forceful on UN reform, stating with clarity the
obvious need to drag the Security Council into the 21st century. The
council, it urged, should be expanded in both the permanent and
non-permanent categories of membership, and it should provide
opportunities for greater representation from among representatives of
developing countries – the vast majority of the world’s people.
REGULATION
Both BRIC and IBSA were unequivocal in reaffirming the “pressing need
to foster and strengthen cooperation regarding the regulation and
supervision of all segments, institutions and instruments of financial
markets.”
Unlike some regional and special interest groupings that are disturbed
by the role the Group of 20 (G20) can play on the world scene, BRIC –
whose members are all members of G20 -- “welcomed the fact that the
G20 was confirmed as the premier forum for international economic
coordination and cooperation of all its member states.”
Describing G20 as “broader, more inclusive, diverse, representative
and effective” than “previous arrangements,” BRIC called on “all
its member states to undertake further efforts to implement jointly the
decisions adopted at the three G20 summits."
BRIC urged that G20 should be “proactive and formulate a coherent
strategy for the post- (financial) crisis period,” asserting that it
stands “ready to make a joint contribution to this effort.”
IBSA made a strong pitch for the Human Rights Council whose work it
commended. It proposed that human rights law be strengthened
particularly in relation to racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia,
and related intolerance. This is a goal that no nation, big or small,
can oppose in good conscience.
Also in the broad area of human rights, IBSA emphasized the importance
of access to medicine, an issue of particular relevance to developing
countries.
PARTNERSHIP
IBSA emphasized South-South cooperation as “a partnership among
equals” that should be “guided by the principles of respect for
national sovereignty, national ownership and independence, equality,
non-conditionality, non-interference in domestic affairs and mutual
benefit.
Presumably, these characteristics are to be found in the operations of
the IBSA Facility Fund that has so far brought direct benefits to Haiti,
Palestine, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Burundi, and Cambodia.
IBSA will also undertake the development of satellites that will
“address common challenges in climate studies, agriculture and food
security.” They will be deployed to promote space programs among the
three member countries.
For the first time, IBSA foreign ministers met their colleague from the
Palestinian National Authority, Riad Al-Malki, and pledged their support
for the creation of a Palestinian state based on pre-1967 borders.
REALITIES
IBSA and BRIC, like other similar groups, be they regional,
sub-regional, or only compatible, are the product of an effort to change
international relationships so that they might reflect current realities
and not those carried down from the past.
Hence, for instance, the determination within such groups to advocate
change in the structure of the UN Security Council, and voting rules in
the Bretton Woods institutions, or the “affirmative action” program
that delivers the leadership of the World Bank to the U.S. and of the
IMF to Europe.
Currently, BRIC countries represent 40 percent of the world’s
population, close to 15 percent of global GDP, and almost 13 percent of
international trade. The IMF has estimated that in a few years BRIC will
account for over 60 percent of global economic growth. Should not they
and IBSA members as well, be empowered to exercise international
influence in keeping with their strengths?
As World Bank president Robert Zoellick said on the eve of the Bank’s
Spring meetings, although not referring directly to IBSA or BRIC,
economic progress in developing countries has “profound
implications” for global cooperation, multilateralism and the work of
international financial institutions.
"Economic and political tectonic plates are shifting,"
Zoellick said. “We can shift with them, or we can continue to see a
new world through the prism of the old.”
Zoellick’s sentiments are similar to those expressed by many
developing country leaders, but this time they are coming from the other
side of the trough.
RELIANCE
President Lula of Brazil, approaching the end of his presidency (which
is subject to term limits) is blunt about the need for changes in the
global system, and the responsibilities that countries such as the
members of BRIC and IBSA can undertake.
“The international scene is cluttered with old problems, even as new
ones emerge,” says Lula. “Neither the BRIC members nor any other
countries are able to face them alone. In the past, unilateralism has
led to impasses, if not human catastrophes, such as Iraq.
“In today's world we must therefore rely increasingly on each other.
For that to happen we must forge a more representative and transparent
system of global governance that can both inspire unity of purpose and
revitalize the collective will to seek consensual solutions. In this
journey toward a new world, the BRIC countries are committed to working
together to fulfill our responsibilities.”
There is much to commend in this perspective. There are, however, other
pressing matters that also need attention. As Prime Minister Manmohan
Singh said, speaking for himself and without in any way detracting from
Lula’s position: “India’s greatest challenges are at home.” Did
somebody whisper “the voice of reason”?
[Source:
IDN-InDepthNews
| Analysis That Matters]
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The
writer has
served as Sri Lanka's ambassador to Canada, Cuba, Mexico, and the USA.
He was Chairman of the Commonwealth's Select Committee on the media and
development.
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